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Numéro de la fiche ID	Argument		Auteur(s) Author(s) Autores	Notice / Nota bibliográfica (cliquer pour détail) (follow links to details)	Résumé Abstract Sumário	Difficulté Level Dificuldade	URL
2390		2010	M. Mangin, R. Ramanah, Z. Aouar, L. Courtois, A. Collin, S. Cossa, A. Martin, R. Maillet, D. Riethmuller	Données 2007 de l’extraction instrumentale en France : résultats d’une enquête nationale auprès de l’ensemble des centres hospitalo-universitaires Operative delivery data in France for 2007: Results of a national survey within teaching hospitals Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction Volume 39, numéro 2 pages 121-132 (avril 2010)	Objectif Les recommandations pour la pratique clinique (RPC) du Collège national des gynécologues obstétriciens français concernant les extractions instrumentales sont parues en décembre 2008. C’est...	tout public / easy / fácil	dx.doi.org/10.1016/j...
2385		2009	S. Vanlieferinghen, G. Girard, L. Mandelbrot	Étude comparative de la morbidité maternofœtale immédiate des extractions par spatules de Thierry et par ventouses A comparison of maternal and fetal complications during operative vaginal delivery using Thierry’s spatulas and the vacuum extractor Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction Volume 38, numéro 8 pages 648-654 (décembre 2009)	But Comparer la morbidité maternelle et fœtale immédiate des spatules de Thierry et de la ventouse obstétricale. Matériels et méthodes Étude rétrospective monocentrique de tous... - - - - - - - Objective To compare short-term maternal and fetal morbidities between Thierry’s spatules and the vacuum extractor. Material and methods A retrospective study of all assisted vaginal...	tout public / easy / fácil	dx.doi.org/10.1016/j...
2391		2009	Z. Aouar, R. Ramanah, M. Mangin, F. Leung, B. Mulin 1, L. Courtois, S. Cossa, R. Maillet, D. Riethmuller	Morbidité materno-fœtale liée à l’extraction instrumentale par spatules de Teissier. Étude comparative à la ventouse obstétricale de type Minicup® Comparing fetal and maternal morbidities between operative deliveries by Teissier’s spatulas and Minicup® vacuum extractor Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction Volume 38, numéro 8 pages 642-647 (décembre 2009)	Objectif Comparer la morbidité materno-fœtale de l’extraction par spatules de Teissier longues à celle de la ventouse obstétricale de type Minicup®. Matériel et méthodes Étude... - - - - - - - Objective To compare fetal and maternal morbidities between operative deliveries by long Teissier’s spatulas and Minicup® vacuum extractor. Material and methods A retrospective study was...	tout public / easy / fácil	dx.doi.org/10.1016/j...
2257		2008	D. Riethmuller	Épisiotomie et extraction instrumentale : la mise à mort des RPC du CNGOF ? À propos de l’article Mediolateral episiotomy reduces the risk for anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery. BJOG 2008; 115:104—8	... - - - - - - - Episiotomy and assisted delivery: The end of the recommendations of the French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians ? A comment on the article Mediolateral episiotomy reduces...	tout public / easy / fácil	www.em-consulte.com/...
2259		2008	DJ Murphy, M Macleod, R Bahl, K Goyder, L Howarth, B Strachan	A randomised controlled trial of routine versus restrictive use of episiotomy at operative vaginal delivery: a multicentre pilot study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Volume 115 Issue 13, Pages 1695 - 1703 Published Online: 13 Nov 2008	ABSTRACT Objective To compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of operative vaginal delivery in relation to the use of episiotomy. Design Pilot randomised controlled trial...	tout public / easy / fácil	www3.interscience.wi...
2345		2008	F. Pierre, M. Jousse	Aspects médico-légaux de l’extraction instrumentale. Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction Volume 37, numéro 8S1 pages 276-287 (décembre 2008)	L’objectif de l’analyse de dossiers de plaintes en responsabilité médicale, au sein de recommandations professionnelles concernant les extractions instrumentales, est de mettre en exergue les... - - - - - - - The aim of this data analysis on medical liability in professional guidelines on instrumental delivery, is to point out the most common difficulties to which...	tout public / easy / fácil	dx.doi.org/10.1016/S...
2386		2008	L. Courtois a, , P. Becher a, D. Maticot-Baptista a, A. Cour b, B. Zurlinden b, P. Millet, Y. Maisonnette-Escot, D. Riethmuller, R. Maillet	Extraction instrumentale par spatules de Thierry : évaluation du risque périnéal en fonction du dégagement Instrumental extractions using Thierryʼs spatulas: Evaluation of the risk of perineal laceration according to occiput position in operative deliveries ournal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction Volume 37, numéro 3 pages 276-282 (mai 2008)	Objectif Les facteurs de risque de déchirures périnéales sévères sont actuellement bien connus et les extractions instrumentales ainsi que le dégagement en occipitosacré (OS) en... - - - - - - - Objective Risk factors for severe perineal lacerations are nowadays well-known and they include operative vaginal deliveries and extractions in occiput posterior (OP) positions. The aim...	tout public / easy / fácil	dx.doi.org/10.1016/j...
2388		2008	J.-P. Menard, M. Provansal, H. Heckenroth, M. Gamerre, F. Bretelle, C. Mazouni	Morbidité maternelle immédiate après extraction instrumentale par spatules de Thierry et par ventouse obstétricale Maternal morbidity after Thierryʼs spatulas and vacuum deliveries Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité Volume 36, numéro 6 pages 623-627 (juin 2008)	Objectif Comparaison de la morbidité maternelle immédiate après extraction fœtale par spatules de Thierry et par ventouses obstétricales. Patientes et méthodes Étude rétrospective, menée à... - - - - - - - Objective To compare maternal morbidity after Thierryʼs spatulas or vacuum-assisted deliveries. Patients and methods Retrospective study, at the French hospital la Conception, in...	tout public / easy / fácil	dx.doi.org/10.1016/j...
2393		2008	N. Rouzic a, d, , M. Faisant a, J.-L. Scheydeker c , M. Collet b , B. Lejeune a	Infections nosocomiales en maternité au centre hospitalier universitaire de Brest du 01/01/2000 au 31/12/2005 Hospital infections in the maternity department at Brest Hospital over a period from 2000 to 2005 Pathologie Biologie Volume 56, numéro 2 pages 58-65 (mars 2008)	Les infections nosocomiales représentent un enjeu en terme de santé publique. Elles sont responsables d’une augmentation de la morbidité et occasionnent un coût important pour... - - - - - - - Hospital infections are at stake in terms of public health. They are responsible for increase in morbidity and involve the community in high costs. Epidemiologic...	tout public / easy / fácil	dx.doi.org/10.1016/j...
2258		2007	JW de Leeuw, C de Wit, JPJA Kuijken, HW Bruinse	Mediolateral episiotomy reduces the risk for anal sphincter injury during operative vaginal delivery. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology Volume 115 Issue 1, Pages 104 - 108	Objective To determine the risk factors for anal sphincter injuries during operative vaginal delivery. Setting and design A population-based observational study. Population All 21 254...	tout public / easy / fácil	www3.interscience.wi...
2397		2007	L. Abramowitz	Traumatisme anal chez la parturiente Gynécologie [196-A-10]	L'incontinence anale est un symptôme tabou qui le restera si on n'aborde pas franchement le sujet avec nos patientes. L'accouchement par voie basse peut occasionner...	tout public / easy / fácil	dx.doi.org/10.1016/S...
2373		2006	D. Riethmuller, M. Dreyfus, B. Jacquetin	L’épisiotomie libérale devrait avoir vécue ! (sic). À propos de l’article : « Extraction instrumentale par spatules de Thierry », publié dans le n° 8-2005 Journal de Gynécologie Obstétrique et Biologie de la Reproduction Vol 35, N° 2 - avril 2006 pp. 197-199	Le groupe de travail « Épisiotomie » des Recommandations pour la Pratique Clinique du Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français (CNGOF), conscient que ses conclusions sont... - - - - - - - About: “Instrumental extraction with Thierry’s spatula” (J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod, n˚ 8-2005...	tout public / easy / fácil	dx.doi.org/JGYN-04-2...
1254	Les facteurs de risque indépendants de déchirures sévères du périnée sont les extractions instrumentales et la macrosomie.	2005	Sheiner E, Levy A, Walfisch A, Hallak M, Mazor M.	Third degree perineal tears in a university medical center where midline episiotomies are not performed. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2005;271(4):307-310.	OBJECTIVE: Midline episiotomy is a known major risk factor for severe perineal lacerations. The study was aimed to define obstetric risk factors for third-degree perineal...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	springerlink.metapre...
1899		2005	Sachs BP.	A 38-year-old woman with fetal loss and hysterectomy. {USA}. JAMA. 2005 Aug 17;294(7):833-40.		spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
780		2004	Patel RR, Murphy DJ.	Forceps delivery in modern obstetric practice. Clinical review. The British Medical Journal 2004;328:1302-1305.	This review discusses the specific uses and potential advantages of forceps over other modes of delivery. To enable women to make an informed choice about...	tout public / easy / fácil	bmj.bmjjournals.com/...
791	Grande disparité des taux de péridurale, déclenchement, épisiotomie, déchirures, forceps, entre deux maternités françaises.	2004	Le Ray C, Gaudu S, Teboul M, Cabrol D, Goffinet F.	Prise en charge du travail et de l'accouchement chez la nullipare à bas risque : comparaison d'une maternité de type 1 et d'une maternité de type 3 J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2004 Feb;33:30-6.	BUT: Comparer les pratiques obstétricales entre une maternité de type 1 et une de type 3 chez les nullipares à bas risque. MATERIEL ET METHODES... - - - - - - - OBJECTIVES: To compare obstetrical practices between level 1 ( community hospital) and level 3 (university hospital) maternities in a low risk nulliparous population. MATERIALS AND METHODS...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.e2med.com/index....
805		2004	Sheiner E, Levy A, Walfisch A, Hallak M, Mazor M.	Third degree perineal tears in a university medical center where midline episiotomies are not performed. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2004 Mar 16	OBJECTIVE. Midline episiotomy is a known major risk factor for severe perineal lacerations. The study was aimed to define obstetric risk factors for third-degree perineal...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	springerlink.metapre...
807		2004	Johnson JH, Figueroa R, Garry D, Elimian A, Maulik D.	Immediate maternal and neonatal effects of forceps and vacuum-assisted deliveries. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Mar;103(3):513-8.	OBJECTIVE: To estimate the differences in immediate maternal and neonatal effects of forceps and vacuum-assisted deliveries. METHODS: We conducted a medical record review of all...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.greenjournal.org...
837	Autant de mortalité néonatale avec les forceps et la ventouse.	2004	Demissie K, Rhoads GG, Smulian JC, Balasubramanian BA, Gandhi K, Joseph KS, Kramer M.	Operative vaginal delivery and neonatal and infant adverse outcomes: population based retrospective analysis. The British Medical Journal 2004;329:24.	Objective To compare the risk of neonatal and infant adverse outcomes between vacuum and forceps assisted deliveries. Design Population based study. Setting US linked natality...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	bmj.bmjjournals.com/...
909	L'accouchement reste le plus grand pourvoyeur d'incontinence... Les forceps ou l'expression abdominale (« un geste que l'on devrait proscrire ») peuvent provoquer des dégâts périnéaux importants.	2004	Hélène Grillon	L’incontinence urinaire : priorité à la prévention. 2e Semaine nationale de l’incontinence, 24-28 mai. Le Quotidien du Médecin, 25/05/2004	L'INCONTINENCE urinaire concerne les deux sexes, à tous les âges : depuis l'énurésie chez l'enfant aux affections de la prostate chez l'homme. Les femmes demeurent toutefois...	tout public / easy / fácil	www.shf-france.org/i...
16		2003	Pitman, Teresa	Medical Interventions. Why you should understand the risks as well as the benefits	Au sujet des interventions médicales : il peut être difficile de prendre des décisions sur les interventions médicales alors que vous êtes en plein travail – une... - - - - - - - Dealing With Medical Interventions : It can be difficult to make decisions about medical interventions while you're also coping with the intensity of labour - so preparation...	tout public / easy / fácil	www.todaysparent.com...
56		2003	Christianson LM, Bovbjerg VE, McDavitt EC, Hullfish KL	Risk factors for perineal injury during delivery. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2003 Jul,189(1):255-60	OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify risk factors for anal sphincter injury during vaginal delivery. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective, case-control study. We reviewed 2078...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www2.us.elsevierheal...
71	Le type d'épisiotomie optimal (s'il en existe un) lors des accouchements aux forceps ou a la ventouse est toujours à déterminer.	2003	Cleary-Goldman J, Robinson JN.	The role of episiotomy in current obstetric practice. Semin Perinatol. 2003 Feb;27(1):3-12.Review.	Cette étude retrace l'utilisation de l'épisiotomie du 18e siècle à nos jours, et explique pourquoi la procédure est aujourd'hui limitée. Les différents types d'épisiotomie sont... - - - - - - - This review traces the clinical use of episiotomy from the eighteenth century to the present and explains why the procedure has a restricted function in...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
87		2003	Aubard Y, Fourgeaud V, Collet D, Grandchamp P, Vincelot A.	Forceps delivery and the use of synthetic opioid analgesia during epidural anaesthesia. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 2003;106:130-133.	OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the use of sufentanil during obstetric epidural anaesthesia (EA) was accompanied by an increase in the rate of instrumental extraction. STUDY...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.sciencedirect.co...
100	Les causes des déchirures - étude sur 10 ans. (Canada)	2003	McLeod NL, Gilmour DT, Joseph KS, Farrell SA, Luther ER.	Trends in major risk factors for anal sphincter lacerations: a 10-year study. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 2003 Jul;25(7):586-93.	OBJECTIVES: (1) To identify independent risk factors for anal sphincter laceration, (2) to determine the trend in rates of anal sphincter laceration over a 10...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
102	Dans le cas d’usage des forceps, l’épisiotomie médiolatérale est plus indiquée. Elle diminue les déchirures.	2003	Bodner-Adler B, Bodner K, Kimberger O, Wagenbichler P, Mayerhofer K.	Management of the perineum during forceps delivery. Association of episiotomy with the frequency and severity of perineal trauma in women undergoing forceps delivery. Journal of Reproductive Medecine 2003 Apr;48(4):239-42.	OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of the frequency and severity of perineal trauma with episiotomy performed at forceps delivery. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study analyzed...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
103		2003	Fitzpatrick M, Behan M, O'Connell PR, O'Herlihy C.	Randomised clinical trial to assess anal sphincter function following forceps or vacuum assisted vaginal delivery. BJOG. 2003 Apr;110(4):424-9.	OBJECTIVE: To compare, in a prospective, randomised controlled trial, differences in anal sphincter function following forceps or vacuum assisted vaginal delivery in an institution practising...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.sciencedirect.co...
361		2003	Fenner DE, Genberg B, Brahma P, Marek L, DeLancey JOL.	Fecal and urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery with anal sphincter disruption in an obstetrics unit in the United States. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2003;189(6):1543-1549.	OBJECTIVE : The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of urinary and bowel incontinence in relation to anal sphincter laceration in primiparous women...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.sciencedirect.co...
396		2003	Moalli PA, Ivy SJ, Meyn LA, Zyczynski HM.	Risk factors associated with pelvic floor disorders in women undergoing surgical repair. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2003;101(5):869-874.	OBJECTIVE : To identify demographic, obstetric, and gynecologic risk factors associated with the development of pelvic floor disorders in women who undergo surgical correction. METHODS : We...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.sciencedirect.co...
656		2003	David M.	DU BABY-BLUES AUX NEVROSES… ET TSPT POST-ACCOUCHEMENT. Publication électronique du site Neurosciences et Psychologie au service de l' Obstétrique (NPO Sages-femmes), http://www.nposagesfemmes.org/.	C'est la première fois dans l'histoire des Sages-Femmes que plus de 2 000 d'entre elles démissionnent de leur poste en moins de deux ans, avec...	tout public / easy / fácil	www.nposagesfemmes.o...
762		2003	A. Williams	Third-degree perineal tears: risk factors and outcome after primary repair Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. Volume 23, Number 6 / November 2003	This study aimed to determine the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter tears and to determine the risk factors and outcome after primary repair. This was...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	taylorandfrancis.met...
789	Facteurs de risque déchirures sévères : origine asiatique, forceps, ventouse, poids du bébé, épisiotomie médiane (OR=3)	2003	Goldberg J, Hyslop T, Tolosa JE, Sultana C.	Racial differences in severe perineal lacerations after vaginal delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Apr;188(4):1063-7.	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal race and rates of third- and fourth-degree laceration after vaginal delivery. STUDY...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
795	Plus de déchirures sévères lorsque l'accouchement est en dépassement de terme, déclenché avec macrosomie foetale, utilisation de la péridurale, extraction instrumentale (notamment forceps), ou simplement conduit par un obstétricien.	2003	Gupta N, Kiran TU, Mulik V, Bethel J, Bhal K.	The incidence, risk factors and obstetric outcome in primigravid women sustaining anal sphincter tears. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003 Aug;82(8):736-43.	BACKGROUND: The incidence of anal sphincter tears is highest among nulliparous women. The aim of this study was to ascertain if there were other factors...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.blackwell-synerg...
70	Diminution des taux d’épisiotomies de 69.6% en 1983, à 19.4% en 2000, dans un hôpital de Philadelphie (USA).	2002	Goldberg J, Holtz D, Hyslop T, Tolosa JE.	Has the use of routine episiotomy decreased? Examination of episiotomy rates from 1983 to 2000. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2002;99:395-400.	OBJECTIVE: To determine if practice patterns have been altered by the large body of literature strongly advocating the selective use of episiotomy. METHODS: An electronic...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
475	De plus en plus d'interventions de routine sont pratiquées sans preuve de leur efficacité, sous la pression du secteur privé, du médico-légal, sans consentement éclairé. Des taux plus élevés d'accouchement normaux seraient obtenus simplement en changeant les croyances et en implémentant la pratique de la médecine factuelle.	2002	Johanson R, Newburn M, Macfarlane A.	Has the medicalisation of childbirth gone too far? The British Medical Journal 2002;324:892-895.	Summary points - Obstetricians play an important role in preserving lives when there are complications of pregnancy or labour - In developed countries, however, obstetrician involvement and...	tout public / easy / fácil	bmj.bmjjournals.com/...
765		2002	Riskin-Mashiah S, O'Brian Smith E, Wilkins IA.	Risk factors for severe perineal tear: can we do better? Am J Perinatol. 2002 Jul;19(5):225-34.	Our aim was to investigate the risk factors associated with severe perineal tears defined as either third- or forth-degree tears and, ultimately, find strategies for...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.thieme-connect.c...
849	Ruptures utérines associées à: syntocinon, forceps, et expression abdominale.	2002	Vangeenderhuysen C, Souidi A.	[Uterine rupture of pregnant uterus: study of a continuous series of 63 cases at the referral maternity of Niamey (Niger)] Med Trop (Mars). 2002;62(6):615-8.	Uterine rupture contributes significantly to high maternal mortality rates in developing countries. We conducted a prospective study of 63 cases of uterine rupture during pregnancy...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
64	Il est important de minimiser l’étendue des dommages périnéaux.	2001	Signorello LB, Harlow BL, Chekos AK, Repke JT.	Postpartum sexual functioning and its relationship to perineal trauma: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:881-90.	OBJECTIF : Notre but était d’évaluer le rapport entre les traumatismes périnéaux et le fonctionnement sexuel post-partum. PLAN D’EXPERIENCE : Notre étude a été menée rétrospectivement sur... - - - - - - - OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the relationship between obstetric perineal trauma and postpartum sexual functioning. STUDY DESIGN: Our study was carried out with a...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www2.us.elsevierheal...
757	L’extraction instrumentale est une des principales causes indépendantes des déchirures du sphyncter anal. L’épisiotomie diminue le taux des déchirures du 3e degré, mais elle augmente dans les mêmes proportions ce lui des déchirures du 4e degré. (Etude rétrospective de 2 millions de cas)	2001	Handa VL, Danielsen BH, Gilbert WM.	Obstetric anal sphincter lacerations. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Aug;98(2):225-30.	OBJECTIVE: To estimate the frequency of obstetric anal sphincter laceration and to identify characteristics associated with this complication, including modifiable risk factors. METHODS: A population-based...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.greenjournal.org...
796		2001	Bodner-Adler B, Bodner K, Kaider A, Wagenbichler P, Leodolter S, Husslein P, Mayerhofer K.	Risk factors for third-degree perineal tears in vaginal delivery, with an analysis of episiotomy types. J Reprod Med. 2001 Aug;46(8):752-6.	OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for third-degree perineal tears during vaginal delivery and to investigate the relation between different types of episiotomy and the...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
1023		2001	A. Shihadeh1 and W. Al-Najdawi	Forceps or vacuum extraction: a comparison of maternal and neonatal morbidity . Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, Vol. 7, 1/2, Jan-March, p. 106-114	Afin de comparer la morbidité maternelle et néonatale associée à l'accouchement par application de forceps et par ventouse obstétricale, on a comparé des données concernant... - - - - - - - To compare maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with forceps and vacuum delivery, data on 150 women delivered by forceps and 420 delivered by vacuum extraction...	tout public / easy / fácil	www.emro.who.int/Pub...
4		2000	Didierjean-Jouveau, Claude	Pour une naissance a visage humain. Paris: Jouvence	Il y a deux facons d'envisager la naissance: l'une, qui voit dans la grossesse et l'accouchement des situations à risque à "sécuriser" au maximum grâce...	tout public / easy / fácil	www.amazon.fr/exec/o...
60	Revue systématique des techniques de prévention des traumatismes périnéaux.	2000	Eason E, Labrecque M, Wells G, Feldman P	Preventing perineal trauma during childbirth: a systematic review Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Mar;95(3):464-71.	OBJECTIVE: To review systematically techniques proposed to prevent perineal trauma during childbirth and meta-analyze the evidence of their efficacy from randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
61		2000	Oyelese KO, Porter A, Wai C	Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence. Is episiotomy ethically acceptable ? Br Med J 2000;320,1601. Letters.	As medical knowledge advances, it is conceivable that episiotomy may one day join such extinct operations as blood letting, high forceps delivery, symphysiotomy, and decapitation...	tout public / easy / fácil	bmj.bmjjournals.com/...
65	Les causes des déchirures graves	2000	Angioli R, Gomez-Marin O, Cantuaria G, O'Sullivan MJ.	Severe perineal lacerations during vaginal delivery: The University of Miami experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1083-5	OBJECTIVE: After childbirth-related third- or fourth-degree perineal lacerations, the estimated incidence of wound disruption, fecal incontinence, or fistula ranges from 1% to 10%. Risk factors...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www2.us.elsevierheal...
118		2000	Creedy DK, Shochet IM, Horsfall J.	Childbirth and the development of acute trauma symptoms: incidence and contributing factors. Birth. 2000 Jun;27(2):104-11.	BACKGROUND: Little is known about the relationship between women's birthing experiences and the development of trauma symptoms. This study aimed to determine the incidence of...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.blackwell-synerg...
138		2000	Small R, Lumley J, Donohue L, Potter A, Waldenstrom U.	Randomised controlled trial of midwife led debriefing to reduce maternal depression after operative childbirth. Br Med J. 2000;321:1043-1047.	OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a midwife led debriefing session during the postpartum hospital stay in reducing the prevalence of maternal depression at six...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	bmj.bmjjournals.com/...
239		2000	Murray Enkin, Marc J.N.C. Keirse, James Neilson, Caroline Crowther, Lelia Duley, Ellen Hodnett and Justus Hofmeyr.	A Guide to Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth. Oxford University Press, 2000.	A Guide to Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth (Guide des soins efficaces pendant la grossesse et l'accouchement) est un résumé des meilleures études disponibles... - - - - - - - A Guide to Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth is an overview of results of the best available research about effects of specific maternity practices...	tout public / easy / fácil	www.maternitywise.or...
799		2000	Benifla JL, Abramowitz L, Sobhani I, Ganansia R, Darai E, Mignon M, Madelenat P.	[Postpartum sphincter rupture and anal incontinence: prospective study with 259 patients] Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2000 Jan;28(1):15-22.	AIMS: Damage to the anal sphincter has been considered as the cause of anal incontinence after childbirth. The aims of the present study were to...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
1051	La césarienne et l'accouchement vaginal assisté augmente les risques de réhospitalisations / Women with cesarean and assisted vaginal deliveries were at increased risk for rehospitalization.	2000	Lydon-Rochelle M, Holt VL, Martin DP, Easterling TR	Association between method of delivery and maternal rehospitalization. JAMA 283 (18): 2411-2416 MAY 10 2000	Context: Despite nearly 4 million deliveries in the United States each year, minimal information exists on unintended health consequences following childbirth, particularly in relation to...	spécialisé / hard / difícil
76	Lorsqu’on utilise les ventouses, la pratique de l’épisiotomie est un facteur agravant du résultat périnéal.	1999	Robinson JN, Norwitz ER, Cohen AP, McElrath TF, Lieberman ES.	Episiotomy, operative vaginal delivery, and significant perinatal trauma in nulliparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Nov;181(5 Pt 1):1180-4.	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether choice of obstetric instrument at operative vaginal delivery is associated with any differences in the...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
140		1999	Scott KD, Berkowitz G, Klaus M.	A comparison of intermittent and continuous support during labor: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 May;180(5):1054-9.	Our goal was to contrast the influence of intermittent and continuous support provided by doulas during labor and delivery on 5 childbirth outcomes. Data were...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www2.us.elsevierheal...
556	L’utilisation de forceps de Leff (rotationnels) est avantageuse, notamment pour ce qui est du taux d’épisiotomies et de déchirures.	1999	Feldman DM, Borgida AF, Sauer F, Rodis JF.	Rotational versus nonrotational forceps: maternal and neonatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Nov;181(5 Pt 1):1185-7.	OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with rotations performed with Leff forceps in comparison with nonrotational forceps deliveries. STUDY DESIGN...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
559		1999	Varma A, Gunn J, Lindow SW, Duthie GS.	Do routinely measured delivery variables predict anal sphincter outcome? Dis Colon Rectum. 1999 Oct;42(10):1261-4.	PURPOSE: Trauma to the anal sphincter is a recognized complication of primiparous childbirth. This damage may be compounded during subsequent deliveries leading to symptoms. Earlier...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
569	Différences de pratiques public/privé	1999	Shorten A, Shorten B.	Episiotomy in NSW hospitals 1993-1996: towards understanding variations between public and private hospitals. Aust Health Rev. 1999;22(1):18-32.	Episiotomy rates for women experiencing childbirth in New South Wales (NSW) hospitals are another indicator that private insurance may be a risk factor for obstetric...	tout public / easy / fácil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
570	L’usage séquentiel des instruments n’augmente pas la mortalité ni la morbidité maternelle néonatale.	1999	Ezenagu LC, Kakaria R, Bofill JA.	Sequential use of instruments at operative vaginal delivery: is it safe? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Jun;180(6 Pt 1):1446-9.	OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine maternal and neonatal outcomes in a cohort of women who underwent delivery with the sequential use of instruments. STUDY...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
575		1999	Chamberlain G, Steer P.	ABC of labour care: operative delivery. The British Medical Journal 1999 May 8;318(7193):1260-4.	In Britain all operative deliveries are now performed in a hospital. Caesarean sections must take place in hospital, but the National Birthday Trust's 1994 survey...	tout public / easy / fácil	bmj.bmjjournals.com/...
250		1998	Ryding EL, Wijma K, Wijma B.	Psychological impact of emergency cesarean section in comparison with elective cesarean section, instrumental and normal vaginal delivery. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1998 Sep;19(3):135-44.	The purpose of the study was to compare the psychological reactions of women after emergency Cesarean section (EmCS), elective Cesarean section (ElCS), instrumental vaginal delivery...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	elsalena.ryding.net/...
710	Facteurs de risques des déchirures du 3e degré du sphincter anal	1998	Wood J, Amos L, Rieger N.	Third degree anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998 Nov;38(4):414-7.	The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence, risk factors and anal symptoms related to third degree tears after vaginal delivery. There...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
1090	Le fait de marcher n'est ni positif ni négatif sur le travail. Il n'est pas dangereux ni pour la mère ni pour leurs enfants. / Walking neither enhanced nor impaired active labor and was not harmful to the mothers or their infants.	1998	Bloom SL, McIntire DD, Kelly MA, Beimer HL, Burpo RH, Garcia MA, Leveno KJ.	Lack of effect of walking on labor and delivery. N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 9;339(2):117-8.	Lack of effect of walking on labor and delivery... - - - - - - - BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Walking during labor may reduce patients' discomfort and improve outcomes. We conducted a randomized trial of walking during active labor to determine...	spécialisé / hard / difícil
338		1997	Turcot L, Marcoux S, Fraser WD.	Multivariate analysis of risk factors for operative delivery in nulliparous women. Canadian Early Amniotomy Study Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Feb;176(2):395-402.	OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to develop predictive models of operative delivery in nulliparous women on the basis of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and obstetric risk factors. STUDY...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
704	L’exercice physique diminue les risques de traumatismes sévères induits par l’épisiotomie.	1997	Klein MC, Janssen PA, MacWilliam L, Kaczorowski J, Johnson B.	Determinants of vaginal-perineal integrity and pelvic floor functioning in childbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Feb;176(2):403-10.	OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to evaluate risk factors for severe vaginal-perineal trauma and to ascertain determinants of pelvic floor strength. STUDY DESIGN: Secondary analysis of...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
801		1997	Poen AC, Felt-Bersma RJ, Dekker GA, Deville W, Cuesta MA, Meuwissen SG.	Third degree obstetric perineal tears: risk factors and the preventive role of mediolateral episiotomy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1997 May;104(5):563-6.	OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors for third degree obstetric perineal tears and to give recommendations for prevention. DESIGN: Retrospective case control study. SETTING: A teaching...	spécialisé / hard / difícil
703	Les obstétriciens peuvent réduire les blessures du plancher pelvien en minimisant les accouchements avec forceps et épisiotomies, en laissant faire la progression dans la deuxième phase du travail, et en utilisant la césarienne de manière sélective.	1996	Handa VL, Harris TA, Ostergard DR.	Protecting the pelvic floor: obstetric management to prevent incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Review. Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Sep;88(3):470-8.	OBJECTIVES: To review the literature regarding the effects of childbirth on the muscles, nerves, and connective tissue of the pelvic floor, review the evidence to...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
58	Revue de la littérature depuis 1980	1995	Woolley RJ	Benefits and risks of the episiotomy: a review of the English-language literature since 1980. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1995;50:806-35	La littérature professionnelle sur les bénéfices et risques de l’épisiotomie avait fait l’objet d’une relecture critique, en 1983, couvrant tout ce qui avait été publié... - - - - - - - The professional literature on the benefits and risks of episiotomy was last reviewed critically in 1983, encompassing material published through 1980. The purpose of this...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.gentlebirth.org/...
2092		1995	Patricia Purfield RNC, MSN, Karen Morin RN, DSN	Excessive Weight Gain in Primigravidas With Low-Risk Pregnancy: Selected Obstetric Consequences. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing 24 (5) , 434–440	Objective: To determine whether a group of normal weight women with a low-risk pregnancy who increased their prepregnant weight by more than 25% experienced a...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	dx.doi.org/10.1111/j...
341		1994	Thorp JA.	Obstetricians and epidural analgesia. Letter to the Editors. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1994;170(6):1161.	Farabow et al. should be congratulated on their retrospective analysis of a 20-year experience with epidural analgesia administered by obstetricians (Farabow WS, Roberson VO...	tout public / easy / fácil	www2.us.elsevierheal...
696		1994	Hillier CE, Johanson RB.	Worldwide survey of assisted vaginal delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1994 Nov;47(2):109-14.	OBJECTIVES: To ascertain which instruments are most commonly used for assisted vaginal delivery. METHODS: A postal survey in which 1411 questionnaires were sent to major...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
803	Hors extraction instrumentale, taux de déchirures sévères identique avec ou sans épisiotomie médiolatérale.	1994	Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Bartram CI.	Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair. BMJ. 1994 Apr 2;308(6933):887-91.	OBJECTIVES--To determine (i) risk factors in the development of third degree obstetric tears and (ii) the success of primary sphincter repair. DESIGN--(i) Retrospective...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
912		1994	Patrick Atienza	L’incontinence fécale idiopathique comme conséquence à distance, sur le périnée postérieur, de l’accouchement normal. Soumis aux XXe Journées de Techniques Avancées en Gynécologie-Obstétrique, AMP, Périnatalogie et Pédiatrie (JTA). Port de France, 15-20 janvier 2005.	L'incontinence fécale idiopathique (IFI) est un symptôme très fréquent ayant bénéficié ces dernières années d'une meilleure approche physiopathologique par l'avènement de nouvelles techniques d'explorations périnéales...	tout public / easy / fácil	www.lesjta.com/artic...
81		1993	Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Thomas JM, Bartram CI.	Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med. 1993 Dec 23;329(26):1905-11.	BACKGROUND. Lacerations of the anal sphincter or injury to sphincter innervation during childbirth are major causes of fecal incontinence, but the incidence and importance of...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	content.nejm.org/cgi...
345		1993	Farabow WS, Roberson VO, Maxey J, Spray BJ.	A twenty-year retrospective analysis of the efficacy of epidural analgesia-anesthesia when administered and/or managed by obstetricians. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Aug;169(2 Pt 1):270-7; discussion 277-8.	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine the safety and efficacy of epidural anesthesia when administered by obstetricians in a community hospital...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
691		1993	Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Bartram CI, Hudson CN.	Anal sphincter trauma during instrumental delivery. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1993 Dec;43(3):263-70.	OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of defecatory symptoms, pudendal nerve damage and mechanical trauma to the anal sphincters during vacuum and forceps delivery. METHODS: Anal...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
697		1993	Johanson RB, Rice C, Doyle M, Arthur J, Anyanwu L, Ibrahim J, Warwick A, Redman CW, O'Brien PM.	A randomised prospective study comparing the new vacuum extractor policy with forceps delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1993 Jun;100(6):524-30.	OBJECTIVE: To compare assisted vaginal delivery by forceps with delivery by vacuum extractor, where a new vacuum extractor policy was employed which dictated the cup...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
764		1993	Argentine Episiotomy Trial Collaborative Group.	Routine vs selective episiotomy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1993; 342: 1517-1518.	Episiotomy is a widely-done intervention in childbirth, regardless of poor scientific evidence of its benefits. This randomised controlled trial compares selective with routine use of...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	bmj.bmjjournals.com/...
337		1991	Spencer JA, Koutsoukis M, Lee A.	Fetal heart rate and neonatal condition related to epidural analgesia in women reaching the second stage of labour. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1991 Oct 8;41(3):173-8.	The relationship between epidural analgesia and a number of labour and delivery factors, relevant to fetal and neonatal condition, was considered in a prospective study...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
352		1990	Walter HM.	Peridural anesthesia and method of delivery. Peridural anesthesia performed by the obstetrician. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol. 1990 Sep-Oct;194(5):228-35.	In deliveries in epidural analgesia (PDA) there are more obstetrical operations than in deliveries without PDA. We have investigated the delivery mode in relation to...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
1174	Angleterre, étude sur 427 primipares en position demi-assise ou en position accroupie avec « coussin de naissance » pendant la deuxième phase du travail. Moins de forceps, moins de déchirures du périnée mais plus de déchirures des lèvres, durée du second stade plus courte pour la position accroupie, sans différence pour les autres résultats (apgar, pertes sanguines, oedème vulvaire). Etude "Gardosi 1989a" prise en compte dans la revue systématique Cochrane Gupta 2004 (fiche afar 1099), dans celle de Vendittelli 1998 (Fiche AFAR 2042) et dans la revue Cochrane de Nikodem (2000)	1989	Gardosi J, Hutson N, B-Lynch C.	Randomised, controlled trial of squatting in the second stage of labour. Lancet. 1989 Jul 8;2(8654):74-7.	Le coussin d'accouchement est une nouveauté [en 1989] en obstétrique qui permet à la parturiente d'adopter une position accroupie pendant le second stade du travail... - - - - - - - A new obstetric aid, the 'Birth Cushion' allows the parturient to sink into a supported squatting posture for the second stage of labour and delivery...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
856	Des pressions excessives sur le crâne du bébé peuvent entraîner des dommages neurologiques: hypertonie utérine, forceps, expression abdominale.	1988	Amiel-Tison C, Sureau C, Shnider SM.	Cerebral handicap in full-term neonates related to the mechanical forces of labour. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1988 Mar;2(1):145-65.	Sometimes the relationship between peripartum events and neonatal CNS injury is obvious: for example, following complete abruptio placentae or umbilical cord prolapse and occlusion with...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
981	Le déclenchement du travail (amniotomie/ocytocines), les forceps, les longues 1e et 2e phase [...] ont été idntifiés comme facteurs de risque significatifs de l’hémorragie postpartum. / Induction of labour by amniotomy/oxytocin, forceps delivery, long first and second stages [...] were identified as significant risk factors of postpartum haemorrhage.	1987	Gilbert L, Porter W, Brown VA.	Postpartum haemorrhage - a continuing problem. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1987 Jan;94(1):67-71.	The factors responsible for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) in singleton vaginal deliveries, not complicated by a retained placenta, were identified by comparing labour characteristics in 86...	tout public / easy / fácil
1228	L'incidence de la déambulation pendant le 1° stade est soit positive, soit neutre.	1980	Diaz AG, Schwarcz R, Fescina R, Caldeyro-Barcia R.	Vertical position during the first stage of the course of labor, and neonatal outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1980 Sep;11(1):1-7.	This study included 369 normal term labors. In 145 cases the women were sitting, standing or walking at will during the first stage, whereas 224...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
911	/ In most cases faecal and urinary incontinence result from damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor muscles.		SNOOKS SJ, SETCHELL M, SWASH M, HENRY MM.	Injury to innervation of pelvic floor sphincter musculature in childbirth. Lancet. 1984, 2, 546-50.	71 women delivered at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, were studied by electrophysiological tests of the innervation of the external anal sphincter muscle and by manometry...	spécialisé / hard / difícil	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
2389			I. Boucoiran, A. Bafghi, J. Delotte, L. Valerio, A. Bongain	Risques néonataux et périnéaux liés à l’apprentissage des spatules Learning use of spatulas: Risks of perineal injuries and newborns morbidity	But Évaluer les complications néonatales et maternelles périnéales liées à l’apprentissage des extractions par spatules. Matériel et méthodes Étude rétrospective observationnelle des extractions par spatules... - - - - - - - Objectives To examine the acute neonatal and maternal perineal morbidity due to resident training on spatulas assisted deliveries. Material and methods We conducted a retrospective...	tout public / easy / fácil	dx.doi.org/10.1016/j...

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